BlokBims Hafif Yapı Elemanları A.Ş.|Faydalı Bilgiler| Yapı Sağlığında Bims (Pomza)

  It is a natural volcanic stone with porostiy which was appeared by volcanic activities as fast cooling and gas sudenly exit from inner side. It is effect to have temperature and sound insulation by porosity features. It has appears as spongy, essential silicate, unit volume mass is less than 1,0 gr/cm³ and to be materials with individual vitreous features. Pumice Stone (Bims) is lightweight aggregate which was known as used in history and to be matter of common knowledge which has been used Roman Empire period. While melt lava was cooling, gas could not leave out inner side to surface and to boxed in therefor Pumice Stone (Bims) has been occured. By this porosity form so aggregates is more lightweight and having holes inner. Pumice Stone aggregates have porosity as %75 holes Pumice Stone has to be amorph form. Concrete block, also lightweight concrete wall cover plate and blocks instead of carrier column manufacture by Pumice Stone which for temperature insulation and sound proof. Pumice stone (Bims) can milling and manufacture to Puzolan cement as additive components.
  Pumice Stone (Bims) which was known as spongy stone exist to amply in Turkey. Concrete bulding components made by Pumice Stone (Bims) are products which manufactured by cement and water which pressed by vibration and may add in quarts sand when it was needs. Bims concrete which was lightweight product may use on places which do not need pressure-proof but must not use as carrier product, if there needs lightweight materials therefor cushion concrete can use in.
  Pumice stone has different features than perlite which is volcanic materials as vitreous. It may praciticablity distinguish than others by features as colour, porosity and not be crystal watering. Therefor it needs to petrografic analyses. Chemical results of Pumice stone which are range between SiO² = %60-75,Al²O³=%13-17,Fe²O³=%1-3,Cao=%1-2,Na²O-K²O=%7-8. Bims concrete with insulation features may use on terrace, roof, factory, cold storage house and buldings which needs insulations. It is insulation standarts as TS 825 which should obey for contruction standarts to buldings but anyhow there is not obey this standart yet. Because of reasons are insulation materials made by oil, expensives, imported from foreign countries, can not easy purchase for applications, can not find applicator techinicians and extr. However Pumice Stone ( Bims ) which was low density volume mass, resistant against chemical effects, do not keep prasites, hold insulation function by sudden drop or increase tempeture, water and humidity proof under usual conditions, do not condensation, porosity, low cost, economical, fire resistance, scentless, low thermal conductivity factor, manufacturing by natural procedures and applicating. Pumice Stone (Bims) are use to application widely in construction as insulation products but there was not made sufficient academic researches and has been seen that was not made to any publicity campaign as yet. We must provide to use pumice stone (bims) as contruction material during planing to Architectural projects for buldings. There are no application for insulation to % 50 buldings of Turkey. Speacialy in winter season, high amount of energy was being spent to heating as lost energy in non-isolated buldings. there are generaly using in market and also in application areas as isolation materials which non-respiration, plactic origin, organic and inorganic essentialy are using. Pumice Stone (Bims) is mainly anorganic material which is not widely using yet. Espacialy, Architects are designing and drawwing projects who do not have technical knowledge about those products could be use. Pumice Stone (Bims) can use as plaster material on bulding construction and if would be use on walls, roofs, garrets which must be in conformity with TSE 825 are showing thickness application of blaster which calculated and to take a factor into considering on designs are informed with this reports.
TO USE PUMICE STONE (BIMS) AS CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS ON WALLS AND ON PLASTER:
  Pumice stone (Bims) does not use sufficiently on construction yet. Pumice Stone (Bims) does not use on other places of buldings which manufactured as bricks and asmolen mixtured with cement. By that researches, Pumice Stone (Bims) first was screening then big granule aggregates manufacture by pressed with vibrations added cement to make wall components which use on walls and on floors of factory. Small granule aggregates were discarded and were being out of usage. One researched has been made for to put discarded Pumise Stone (Bims) to use as bulding components. Discarded pumise stone of factories (Bims) or thin granule aggreates could be use as plaster on the walls which was explained by this high graduate thesis. Alternative plaster which made by pumice stone in this experiments to show that were lightweigth materials, having pressure-proof and sufficient in flexion which could be use as wall surface plaster materials than normal plasters.
TO USE PUMICE STONE (BIMS) ON FLOOR:
  Suspended ceiling is a border living space between out side which using materials must be 0,32 m by showing on Table 1.Material’s thickness must be calculated for 3.rd climate zone.

Table – 1; Console floor, is a border of living space between outdoor.

Products

Weight Volume

Mass

Kgs/m³

825

Page No:

(m)

W/mK

1/α

1/α d

d/λ

(W/m²K)

1/α

0,17

1/ 2,237

= 0,447

Wood Parquet

(oak)

800

8.1,2

0,022

0,20

0,11

adhesive

0,004

Grout smoothing

concrete

(with cement)

2000

4,6

0,03

1,40

0,021

Imprınt Concrete

(without rod)

2200

5,1

0,03

1,74

0,017

Pumice Stone (Bims) Aggregates

(TS3234)

1000

3,2

0,32

0,19

1,684

Normal Concrete

(Donatılı)

2400

5,1

0,10

1,80

0,056

Plaster of roof

(Bims)

600

5,3,3

0,025

0,18

0,139

1/α d

0,04

Total

2,237

0,447 x 0,5

Result: U t (floor) = 0,45 W/m²K 0,447 < 0,45 W/m²K

To be suitable for 3.rd Climate zone

  Living place’s ground floor without basement must be 0,35 m thickness which shown on Table-2.

  TO USE PUMICE STONE (BIMS) ON ROOF

  Living places between outdoor which roof was border must use to flooring by thin thickness are better application. In Thin thickness flooring application which use pumice stone’s (Bims) thickness must be 0,56 m which was conform to a clause of TS 825. It has been calculated which are suitable to 3.rd climate zone(Table-3).
  If Apartment floor has heat streaming as down to up floor, thichness must be 0,45 m which has to conform to a clause of TS 825 (Table-4).
  If living places has basement (Cold volume spaces),pumice stone application’s thickness must be 0,15 m for flooring (Table-5).

Table-2; Living place’s ground floor without basement

Products	Weight Volume Mass Kgs/m³	TS 825 Page No:	d (m)	λ W/mK	1/α 1/α d d/λ	U (W/m²K)
1/α					0,17	1/ 2,321 = 0,431
Marble covering	2800	1,1	0,025	3,5	0,007
Adhesive plaster (Cement plaster)	2000	4,6	0,04	1,4	0,029
Pumice Stone (Bims) Aggregates (TS3234)	1000	3,2	0,35	0,19	1,842
Blockage	1600	1,3	0,15	0,55	0,273
1/α d					0,0
Total					2,321

Result: U t (floor) = 0,431 W/m²K 0,431 < 0,45 W/m²K

To be suitable for 3.rd Climate zone

Table-3; Living place between outdoor which border is roof

Products	Weight Volume Mass. Kgs/m³	TS 825 Page No:	d (m)	λ W/mK	1/α 1/α d d/λ	U (W/m²K)
1/α					0,13	1/ 3,356 = 0,297
Marble covering	2800	1,1	0,025	3,5	0,007
Adhesive	2000	4,6	0,04	1,4	0,029
Water resistant (Components with Bitumen)	1200	9,2,2,1	0,001	0,19	0,005
Water and humidity Resistant (with Aluminium Folio)	900	9,2,2,1	0,001	0,19	0,005
Grout smoothing concrete (with cement)	2000	4,6	0,03	1,40	0,021
Imprınt Concrete (without rod)	2200	5,1	0,03	1,74	0,017
Bims Aggregates (TS3234)	1000	3,2	0,56	0,19	2,947
Normal Concrete (with rod)	2400	5,1	0,10	1,80	0,056
Plaster of roof (bims)	600	5,3,3	0,025	0,18	0,139
Total					3,356

Result: U t (floor) = 0,297 W/m²K 0,297 < 0,30 W/m²K

To be suitable for 3.rd Climate zone

Table-4; Roof; Apartment floor has heat streaming as down to up, Apartment seperator floor,

Products	Weight Volume Mass Kgs/m³	TS 825 Page No:	d (m)	λ W/mK	1/α 1/α d d/λ	U (W/m²K)
1/α					0.130	1/ 3,334 = 0,299
Plaster of roof Bims	600	5,3,3	0,025	0,18
Manufactured Cement with only Bims	1000	5,33	0,12	0.32	0,375
Thermal Resistant (Bims Aggregates TS 3234	1000	3,2	0,45	0.19	2,368
Covering wood (needle type)	600	8,1,1	0,025	0.13	0,192
1/α d					0,130
Total					3,334

Result: U t (floor) = 0,30 W/m²K 0,299 ≤ 0,30 W/m²K

To be suitable for 3.rd Climate zone

Table-5; Roof of Basement, Flooring living space ground,

Products

Weight Volume

Mass

Kgs/m³

825

Page No:

(m)

W/mK

1/α

1/α d

d/λ

(W/m²K)

1/α

0,17

1/ 2,237

= 0,407

Wood Parquet

(oak)

800

8.1,2

0,022

0,20

0,11

Adhesive

0,004

Grout smoothing

concrete

(with cement)

2000

4,6

0,03

1,40

0,021

Imprınt Concrete

(without rod)

2200

5,1

0,03

1,74

0,017

Bims Aggregates

(TS3234)

1000

3,2

0,15

0,19

0,789

Normal Concrete

(with rod)

2400

5,1

0,10

1,80

0,056

Plaster of roof

(bims)

600

5,3,3

0,025

0,18

0,139

1/α d

0,17

Total

2,460

0,407 x 0,5

Result: U t (floor) = 0,45 W/m²K 0,407 < 0,45 W/m²K

To be suitable for 3.rd Climate zone

  Remarkable subjects to detail design which manufactured product by using Pumice Stone (Bims)
  Thermal insulations, made all precaution for holding inner temperature at same level against outdoor climate changes which are heating or cooling there may have energy saving, to solve environment problems, air pollution. Insulation can protect to buldings against out side influences there to lenghthen life and to perform certain conditions of bulding’s pysical standarts therefor decrease construction cost and affod to bulding’s comfortable.
  Mostly key features of insulation materials are satisfactory pressure resistance, steam diffusion resistance, low density volume mass, high thermal resistance, fixed in value of product dimensions, endurance against chemical effacts, non-flameable, not to comprise parasites and imperishable, scentless, economical. Applications must not make any mistakes to get desirable results for insulation during design, project, application, protect and maintanence period. Regarding this procedures on this period, technicians and bulding users must apply in right practice which may conform standarts. Therefor insulation application must be conform desirable features which keep to long live and all parties in this insulation period should reach to have good knowledge and concious level. Architects must calculate to insulation whitout of any mistakes while they were designing to project. They must to be act by their cordination’s responsibilty for project which know sufficient knowledge and practise for applicating righ insulation on buldings which were harmonized and applicable. Thermal insulation materials are naturaly product therefor those are porositiy and very lightweight. Key features of insulation materials must have low conductance factor is most important and also must be comformable to nesecarry features for buldings. Insulation products has been made by natural pumice stone that are low conductance factor therefor can use in buldings as safely. Thermal insulation implenting regulations which shows to procedures of projects and thermal insulation principal details. To use products on outside of walls, roof and floor of the project which are loosing temperature to effect to insulation factor by manufacturing process and thickhness of insulation materials, so it must calculate condensation for outside wall surface which were loosing temperature. Furthermore All concrete components of outside surfaces must use to insulation.

Table-6; Concrete components which made by only pumice stone instead of quarts sand.

Volume mass weight Kgs/m3	Temperature Conductivity factor λ (W/mK)	Steam Diffusion Resistance (µ)
500	0,15	5-15
600	0,18	5-15
700	0,20	5-15
800	0,24	5-15
900	0,27	5-15
1000	0,32	5-15
1200	0,44	5-15

  Recently, there is ready to use details calculation of the insulation projects for buldings. Buldings are constructing by same details which added in projects for all buldings. On the application, that has not hold to insulation details which has been added in projects. Because proposed materials on the insulation projects which were making in foreign country and by foreign raw materials so their cost are very expensive. It is hard to getting. There are not enoughly technicians on application. Therefor buldings has been constructed without insulation or they were trying to find any solutions to get bulding certificates. Consequently, it can be very cold in winter and very hot in summer therefor can not live inside. So we are loosing money as foreign currency by our country energy loosing, most importantly, it do cause to environment pollution, to demage bulding’s comfortable so it can demage to human health. However, there is no problem for the pumice stone (Bims).It is very easy to get them, low cost, lightweight, to be up to bulding’s pysical standarts, there are not need to many technicians during on application of buldings, so it is one of our natural raw material. In this case, the pumice stone can use on buldings as insulation products which has been found out by calculation technical test results.

  SUMMARY;
  Insulation products must be harmonize with other bulding component and on the bulding surfaces, do not damageto esthetic demands, best fit to bulding physical and environment, can easy find them on application, products must be comformable to TS 825 standarts. All those articles which pumice stone (Bims ) have, it has been noticed that are not enoughly use in construction area. Insulation products must use on out side walls, on side wall of garrets, partition wall in un-heating area, on the roof, on the roof of basement, on suspended ceiling, on all floor of living places for the buldings. Pumice stone ( Bims ) which was equal to TS 825,thickness has been calculated. By this results are also comformable to lost eneryg as thermal conductivity and yearly heating energy capasity. So Pumice Stone (Bims) as insulation products must increase to use in construction area.
  Recently, insulation products on construction industry just advice to use by oil origin made, made in foreign country, complicated products which may manufactured hard and costly products. It has been explaining in TS 825 stardart, insulation solution was called as covering and are using products on projects which were high steam diffusion factor and non-breathing products. By this research report, it has been showed to Pumice Stone (Bims ) as insulation product how to use in construction area by detail plans and calculations.
  By The pumice stone (Bims ) as insulation prouduct use in construction area and also comformable to bulding and construction standarts then energy saving can increase and descrease waste gas which was throw out from chimney in winter time. By the pumice stone (Bims ) which was using as sound proof and insulation products in construction area then comfortable can increase on bulding and also can have more value for our country economy such our raw materials.