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Pysical features is part quality of environment. Breathing and water absorbtion capacity is most important feature in plant breeding environment. Plant roots need to have air for respiration. Air is basic needs on metabolic procedures of alive organism. Insufficient oxygen and breathing make plant roots fainted espacialy to plants, become slow growing, to sentisize against cold and diseases. At the same time, root cells and microorganism needs to have fresh air to pass over cardon dioxide by diffusion from roots to out of surface of soil during respirations. Absorbtion water in environment ought to plant growing and physiological procudures. Therefor it is more important that water must be everlasting and sufficent.
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Water absorbtion and respirations are basicly main function of porosity. Porosity has big and small spaces. Big spaces are more important for drainage and small spaces are more important for water absorbtion. If Air spaces in soil would be discreas from %10 then plant growing become very slowly. Respiration porosity must be at least %20-25. This result can increas in hothouses to % 45 cause of plant roots need to have more oxigen and to churn out carbon dioxide. When respiration would increase then water absorbtion will decrease. But while plant growing you must prefer to more irrigate against bad respirations.
Environment physical features can be change therefor it is not stability conditions. Environment physical features as density mass volume and porosity can appear most important things by reason of that granules dimension size distribution in soil. It is another factor effective to those features which are tighten. Thigtening can affect to increase density volume mass and affect to decrease big spaces distribution. This means that it must choose to acceptable granule dimension size in environment and furthermore it is very important thing which materials must be stable against changes by occured to thightening in the course of time.
Pumice (Bims )is material to more use widely in plant breeding. It is unchangeable form which are chemical and physical features in which case pumice (Bims) can enable to use plenty of times. It is more lightweight than soils so easy process into, easy shipment and it is very easy to use in same places too. There are many pumice rezerves plant in Turkey and in many places of world. Pumice (Bims) of world manufactured in 2002 as 13 x 106 meter tones. Turkey are manufacturing roughly 1,5 – 2 x 106 meter tones.
This researches made for Pumice stone (Bims) are located in somewhere in Turkey to explain and show respiration and water absorbtion’s capacity how potential to use in aggriculture.
Therefor;
All area’s Pumice Stones (Bims) reserves of Turkey are more avaible to use in plant breeding which features are respirations and water absorbtions.
To use thin and same granule size dimensions in soil effect to decrease respirations and increase water absorbtions. If Rough materials would be use, then it is effect to increase respirations and decrease water absorbtion capacity. Anyhow if mixtured materials would be use in soil that it can easy effect to reach equability good results for water absorbtion and respirations. There are more avaible to use mixtured materials instead of solid granule dimension size materials.
It is more important to use mixtured materials in hot houses which can effect to reach well conditions of respiration to plant root there it is prefer to use mixtured material in hot houses.
Y.Kuşlu , Ü. Şahin, Ö.Anapalı & S.Şahin
ATATÜRK UNIVERSITY, ERZURUM OF TURKEY
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